Books: 'Adoption barriers' – Grafiati (2024)

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Abstract:

The study of cognitive phenomena is best approached in an orderly manner. It must begin with an analysis of the function in intension at the heart of any cognitive domain (its knowledge base), then proceed to the manner in which such knowledge is put into use in real-time processing, concluding with a domain’s neural underpinnings, its development in ontogeny, etc. Such an approach to the study of cognition involves the adoption of different levels of explanation/description, as prescribed by David Marr and many others, each level requiring its own methodology and supplying its own data to be accounted for. The study of recursion in cognition is badly in need of a systematic and well-ordered approach, and this chapter lays out the blueprint to be followed in the book by focusing on a strict separation between how this notion applies in linguistic knowledge and how it manifests itself in language processing.

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Abstract:

This case study reviews the evidence for adoption of concurrent palliative care (CPC) during treatment for advanced cancer. Increasing research evidence and expert panel consensus has resulted in national guidelines and professional society endorsem*nt of early integration of palliative care into oncology care. However, there is variable uptake of these guidelines and penetration of CPC into practice. Barriers to implementation include the need to increase awareness of existing evidence and guidelines, stigma, adequacy of a workforce for scale-up, lack of models for integration and delivery, and restrictive reimbursem*nt mechanisms. Changing health care models that emphasize value-based care over fee-for-service can accelerate adoption. Use of technology can also overcome barriers related to scalability and resource use. The case study concludes with the recommendation that implementation science methodologies be used to guide successful integration of CPC in outpatient and home-based settings for patients with advanced cancer and their family caregivers.

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Abstract:

Not only must consumers receive and respond to motivating messages, they must then be able to afford to take the actions required of them and be able to access the solutions. Barriers to adoption of innovations include the compatibility of the innovation with existing ways of doing things, the innovation’s complexity, communicability, relative advantage and the ease with which it can be tried.

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Abstract:

Not only must consumers receive and respond to motivating messages, they must then be able to afford to take the actions required of them and be able to access the solutions. Barriers to adoption of innovations include the compatibility of the innovation with existing ways of doing things, the innovation’s complexity, communicability, relative advantage and the ease with which it can be tried.

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Abstract:

Not only must consumers receive and respond to motivating messages, they must then be able to afford to take the actions required of them and be able to access the solutions. Barriers to adoption of innovations include the compatibility of the innovation with existing ways of doing things, the innovation’s complexity, communicability, relative advantage and the ease with which it can be tried.

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Abstract:

Implementation strategies are methods or techniques that can be used to enhance the adoption, implementation, scale-up, and sustainment of evidence-based cancer control practices into routine care. This chapter defines implementation strategies, presents several taxonomies of implementation strategies that can be used to address multilevel implementation barriers, describes guidelines for reporting and specifying implementation strategies to ensure the efficient generation of knowledge and the replication of effective strategies in research and practice, briefly overviews the state of evidence for strategies, and suggests ways in which they can be carefully developed and applied to address the needs of specific contexts. The chapter concludes by presenting several research priorities related to implementation strategies.

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Abstract:

Policy dissemination research is focused on understanding and addressing these barriers and can be defined as: the study of the targeted distribution of scientific evidence to policymakers to understand how to promote the adoption and sustainment of evidence-based policies. Policy dissemination research studies can be classified as audience research studies—which are formative assessments of policymakers’ knowledge, attitudes, and uses of research evidence and policy contexts—and intervention studies, which test the effectiveness of different policymaker-focused dissemination strategies. Outcomes of policy dissemination research studies include self-report policymaker research utilization, self-report policymaker support for evidence-based policies, and observed policymaker research utilization. There is also a need to grow the field of policy implementation research and integrate theories, frameworks, and methods across the fields of public administration research, political science, and implementation science. Among the topics covered in this book, policy dissemination research is among the least developed.

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Abstract:

There are no less than five major gaps in translation in the long journey from discovery to practical patient benefit. Insufficient understanding of disease mechanisms (T0), limited skills and motivation in turning lab discoveries into potential products (T1), huge wastage in bringing promising products to market (T2), disappointingly slow adoption by doctors and adherence by patients (T3), and failure to learn from past experience (T4): all cripple the productivity of life sciences. T2 is a particular challenge, especially in medicines, with a high attrition rate in costly clinical trials and increasing difficulties in persuading health technology assessment (HTA) agencies of the added-value of new technologies, combined with HTA differences across countries. Major cultural barriers between academia, practical medicine, and industry make matters worse, as mismatched incentives and mutual suspicion impede collaboration. The net result is poor yield at every stage in the innovation process and therefore very poor translation overall.

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Abstract:

This chapter examines maize productivity, technology use in maize, and the impact of non-farm income (NFI) on agricultural investment in Kenya, giving them a gender dimension. The study first concludes that there are no significant differences in maize yields between male-managed farms and female-managed farms (FMFs) in the study areas, Nyeri and Kakamega. Second, technology use for maize production was lower and significant in some instances for FMFs. Significant differences, especially in the use of hybrid seeds and tractor ploughs, were noted. A third conclusion is that NFI is not used in farm investment. NFI had negative coefficients on adoption and intensity of agricultural input use. Policies that encourage both farm and non-farm income should be instituted given the complementary roles that they play. Any entry barriers for disadvantaged households, especially for the FMFs, to participate in higher-paying non-farm activities need to be overcome.

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Brazilian agriculture reinvented itself by targeting a science-based approach. Embrapa, the research arm of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, is recognized as key in this process. A set of characteristics—public corporation model; scale of operation at national level; spatial decentralization; specialized research units; strong focus in human capital; a vision of an agriculture based on science and technology—explains Embrapa’s strength and achievements. Looking ahead, agricultural production needs to increase at least at the same pace of demand. Otherwise, prices will increase, and the poor will suffer the greatest impact. One of the greatest barriers to ensure modern technology will be more broadly and effectively adopted is market imperfection, which alters relative prices and the returns to investment in technologies. Reducing market imperfections is a necessary condition for expanding production in a more inclusive way, and to increase the effectiveness of policies targeting technology adoption by farmers.

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Abstract:

Queering Family Trees explores the lived experience of family-making among queer mothers in the United States between 1991 and 2015. While the legalization of same-sex marriage and adoption has provided avenues toward equality for some couples, structural and economic barriers have meant that others—especially queer women of color who often have fewer financial resources—are not, in practice, able to avail themselves of supports necessary to create and sustain their families. This interdisciplinary ethnographic research draws on interviews with Indigenous, African American, Latina, Asian American, and white queer mothers living in a range of US states, considered in relation to news media, public law, and policy debates. I apply a reproductive justice analysis, critically exploring the ways intersections of race, gender, socioeconomic status, and sexual orientation shape the experiences of families navigating social and legal contexts that define queer families as “illegitimate.” I explore these debates in relation to policy changes in adoption, welfare, and immigration, making evident how same-sex marriage furthers a neoliberal economic agenda. Little mainstream or scholarly attention has been given to the lives and families of lesbians of color. Indeed, the erasure of queers of color from these debates was crucial to maintaining a narrative equating marriage with equality. The family-making narratives of these mothers challenge the assimilation versus resistance framework that has shaped understandings of LGBTQ marriage debates. I argue that, contrary to public narratives celebrating equality through marriage, the federal legalization of same-sex marriage reinforces existing structures of inequality grounded in race, gender, sexuality, and class.

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Abstract:

Social investment policies have enjoyed prominence during recent welfare reforms across the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) world, and yet there is insufficient long-term strategy for their success. Reviewing labour market, family and education policies, this book analyses the emergence of social investment policies in both Europe and East Asia. Adopting a life course perspective and examining both public and private investments, the book addresses key contemporary policy issues including care, learning, work, social mobility and inequalities. Providing original observations, the book explores the roads and barriers towards effective social investment policies, derives practical social policy implications and highlights important lessons for future policymaking.

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Research methods influence the nature of evidence that is collected, how that evidence is interpreted, styles of theorizing, and modes of reporting. David A. Buchanan and Alan Bryman argue that methods are not neutral. Unconventional methods give us new lenses and perspectives on traditional topics, and open up fresh lines of inquiry. The distinction between conventional and unconventional is blurred, and methodology can be unconventional on a number of dimensions. The roots and consequences of methodological conservatism are explored, and the trend towards ‘polymorphic’ (many forms) research is explored. A survey of journal editors reveals that they and their reviewers are broadly receptive to the use of unconventional methods, as long as they are adequately justified. The main barrier to the adoption of unconventional methods lies with researchers who believe that the use of non-standard approaches will be punished by rejection. The chapter concludes with an outline of the book’s structure.

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Patient and provider outcomes are significantly related to the effectiveness of interprofessional communication Good interprofessional communication includes adopting an attitude of curiosity, recognizing that communication happens at several levels simultaneously, and acknowledging the importance of skilful conflict management. Barriers to good communication among interdisciplinary team members include team organization, provider hierarchy, and professional identity. Optimal communication among palliative consultants and other clinicians requires expert consultation etiquette, and overcoming particular challenges faced by palliative care consultants including the high emotion often accompanying palliative care consultations and the often contrasting assessment of the patient’s needs by the consulting and referring clinicians. The chapter describes how to use structured communication tools, designated forums for discussion, flattened hierarchy, and an open, no-fault culture, along with five core principles for good communication in palliative care consultation: curiosity, humility, transparency, clarity, and judiciousness. Palliative care plays a key role in optimizing interprofessional communication.

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Abstract:

This chapter discusses the importance of communication between professionals in palliative care. It begins by describing the evidence base that shows that patient and provider outcomes are significantly related to the effectiveness of interprofessional communication. Next it outlines the principles of good interprofessional communication including the importance of adopting an attitude of curiosity, recognizing that communication happens at several levels simultaneously, and acknowledging the importance of skilful conflict management. The following section on communication among members of an interdisciplinary team (IDT) reviews the barriers to good IDT communication, including team organization, provider hierarchy, and professional identity. The next section on communication between palliative consultants and other clinicians discusses consultation etiquette and its evidence base; highlights some of the particular challenges faced by palliative care consultants; and describes strategies for good communication in palliative care consultation. The chapter concludes with a description of future directions in the study and promulgation of interprofessional communication and the role that the field of palliative care can play.